What is Excess Amniotic Fluid? 什么是羊水过多？

Polyhydramnios occurs when excess amniotic fluid accumulates in the uterus during pregnancy. In most cases, polyhydramnios is harmless, but it does have the potential to cause serious pregnancy complications. Doctors usually monitor fluid levels regularly until a woman is ready to give birth.

当妊娠期间多余的羊水积聚在子宫中时会发生羊水过多。在大多数情况下，羊水过多是无害的，但它确实有可能导致严重的妊娠并发症。医生通常会定期监测羊水，直到孕妇准备分娩。

Where Amniotic Fluid Comes From?

The fetus's kidneys produce the amniotic fluid, which flows into the womb via the fetus's urine.

The fetus then swallows the fluid and reabsorbs it with its breathing motions. This act of swallowing helps balance the amount of amniotic fluid in the womb.

This process maintains a dynamic balance between the production and absorption of amniotic fluid. When a disruption affects the balance, complications can arise for the woman and fetus.

羊水来自何处？ 胎儿的肾脏产生羊水，通过胎儿的尿液流入子宫。之后胎儿吞咽液体并用其呼吸运动重新吸收它。这种吞咽行为有助于平衡子宫内羊水的量。当平衡被破坏时，孕妇和胎儿会出现并发症。

Sign and Symptoms

A mild case of polyhydramnios may not cause any symptoms. Moderate to Severe Polyhydramnios may cause the following symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing

• Swelling in the lower body

• Swelling of the vulva

• Decreased urine production

• Constipation

• Heartburn

• Feeling huge or tightness in belly

症状

轻度羊水过多可能不会引起任何症状。中度至重度羊水过多可能会导致以下症状： - 呼吸困难 - 下半身肿胀 - 外阴肿胀 - 尿量减少 - 便秘 - 胃灼热 - 腹部感觉巨大或紧绷

Causes

Polyhydramnios can develop for several reasons, such as:

• Multiple pregnancies

• Maternal diabetes

• The fetus having difficulty swallowing the amniotic fluid

• The fetus producing an increased amount of urine

• Congenital malformations, such as a blockage of the fetus's gastrointestinal or urinary tract, or an abnormal development of the brain and spinal cord problems affecting the fetus's genetic makeup, lungs, or nervous system

• Anemia of baby, a lack of red blood cells, in the fetus

Sometimes, no cause for polyhydramnios

原因 羊水过多可以由于几个原因而发展，例如： - 多胞胎 - 孕产妇糖尿病 - 胎儿难以吞咽羊水 - 胎儿产生的尿量增加 - 先天性畸形，如胎儿胃肠道或泌尿道的阻塞，或影响胎儿基因构成，肺部或神经系统的大脑和脊髓问题的异常发育 - 婴儿贫血，胎儿缺乏红细胞 有时，可能没原因导致羊水过多

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose polyhydramnios before the baby is born. To make a diagnosis, they will perform an ultrasound examination. Using ultrasound waves, they measure the amount of amniotic fluid in the womb and look for any fetal abnormalities.

诊断

医生在婴儿出生前诊断出羊水过多。为了做出诊断，他们将进行超声检查。使用超声波，他们测量子宫内的羊水量，并寻找任何胎儿异常。

Risks and Complications

Possible complications include:

• Longer labor

• Pre-term labor

• Excess fetal growth

• Placental abruption

• Postpartum hemorrhage (the placenta detaching from the wall of the uterus before you give birth)

• Umbilical cord prolapse (the cord falling out of the vagina before the baby)

• Fetal malposition

• Stillbirth

风险和并发症 可能出现的并发症包括： - 劳动力更长 - 早产 - 胎儿过度生长 - 胎盘早剥 - 产后出血（胎盘分娩前胎盘从子宫壁脱落） - 脐带脱垂（脐带在婴儿出生前掉出阴道） - 胎儿错位 - 死胎

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